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Macroscopic Features of Different Failure Modes

Failure Type

Material Behaviour

Key Macroscopic Features

Overload

Ductile

– Necking (localized thinning)
– Cup-and-cone fracture
– Fibrous/grey texture

Brittle

– Flat fracture surface
– Chevron patterns
– Granular/crystalline texture

Sudden Impact

(Depends on material)

– Radial lines from origin
– Minimal plastic deformation
– Fragmentation (brittle)

Fatigue

Cyclic loading

– Beach marks/clamshell patterns
– Smooth propagation zone
– Origin at stress raisers

Creep Damage

High-temperature sustained load

– Intergranular fracture (“rock candy”)
– Cavities/voids along grain boundaries
– Elongation/bulging
– Oxidation/discoloration

 

Points to Note:

  • Overload: Distinguish ductile vs. brittle based on material type.
  • Sudden Impact: May mimic brittle fracture even in ductile materials.
  • Fatigue: Look for progressive crack growth marks (beach marks).
  • Creep: High-temperature exposure is critical; grain boundary damage is a hallmark.

Anil K Vashishta

Anil K Vashishta is a Metallurgical Engineer from the National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, with over 29 years of expertise in materials, corrosion, and metallurgical/mechanical laboratory management. As the Managing Director of Colossal Consultants LLC in the United Arab Emirates—founded in 2019 to serve the GCC and South-Eastern regions—Anil applies his extensive background to support diverse industries, particularly oil and gas.
A Certified NACE Corrosion Specialist and NACE Material Selection Design Specialist, Anil specializes in corrosion assessment and mitigation, material selection, turnkey laboratory setup, and root cause/failure analysis. His comprehensive skills also include in-situ replica metallography, condition assessment, coating evaluations, and cathodic protection. With a deep passion for technical excellence and practical solutions, Anil continues to drive innovation and best practices in the field of materials engineering.

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