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Uniform Corrosion

Evenly distributed metal loss

Corrosive environment

Thinning of the entire surface, often predictable

Pitting Corrosion

Localized corrosion forming small pits

Aggressive ions, localized breakdown of protective film

Small, deep pits or cavities, rapid failure with minimal overall metal loss

Crevice Corrosion

Corrosion in narrow gaps or crevices

Stagnant conditions, oxygen concentration differences, the build-up of aggressive ions

Localized corrosion in gaps, often hidden from view

Galvanic Corrosion

Accelerated corrosion due to contact with a more noble metal

The electrochemical potential difference, conductive path, presence of an electrolyte

Corrosion of the less noble metal, protection of the more noble metal

Intergranular Corrosion

Corrosion along grain boundaries

Depletion of protective elements, sensitization during heat treatment or welding

Corrosion along grain boundaries may cause loss of mechanical properties

Stress Corrosion Cracking (SCC)

Cracking due to the combined action of tensile stress and a corrosive environment

Tensile stress, susceptible material, aggressive environment

Brittle cracks, often originating from existing flaws, can lead to catastrophic failure

Erosion Corrosion

Accelerated corrosion due to fluid flow

High fluid velocities, abrasive particles, turbulence, cavitation

Increased metal loss at high-flow areas, grooves, pits, or waves in the material

Microbial Corrosion

Corrosion caused by microorganisms

Microorganisms, sulfate-reducing or acid-producing bacteria, presence of biofilms

Localized or general corrosion, accelerated by metabolic by-products, biofilm formation